Network Topologies BUS,STAR,RING,HYBRID & MESH

NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Topology : It is a physical arrangement of the computer systems in a network or physical establishment of networks.

TYPES OF TOPOLOGY

1. BUS TOPOLOGY: Past.

2. STAR TOPOLOGY: Presently.

3. RING TOPOLOGY: Used For IBM.

4. HYBRID TOPOLOGY: It Is The Combination Of Any Two Topologies.

5. MESH TOPOLOGY: It Is The Combination Of All Types Of Topology.

BUS TOPOLOGY

1. BUS TOPOLOGY CABLES: -

      In this topology we are using co – axial cable.

Ex: - star television cable.

Co – axial cables are of 2 types : -

Thin co–axial cable: - 0.25 inches thin, data transfer rate is (10 MBPS / 200 MBPS ).

Thick co–axial cable: - 0.50 inches thick, data transfer rate is (10 MBPS / 500 MBPS ).

CONNECTION IN BUS TOPOLOGY : -

NIC connector with BNC NIC: Network Interface Card. BNC: British Navigator Connector.

 Architecture Of The Bus Topology : -

4 DIS – advantages of bus topology : -

1. Too much collusion is available due to traffic jam.

2. No security and permissions are available.

3. If in the network one computer is not working all computers will be collapsed.

Star Topology

Now a days in so many places we are using star topology

1. Star topology connectors : -

1. NIC card with rj-45 (removed jack) connector.

2. Rj-45 clip.

3. Central interface device: - ex: repeaters, hub and switches.

2. Star topology cables : -

1. UTP cable: It is a un-shielded twisted pair cable , which have 8 – wire

(4-pairs) cable

2. Data transfer speed is 100 mbps / 256 mbps.

3. The cable is twisted, to stop the cross linking and to flow the data in a straight line.

Twisted pair cables have some category:

Cat 1 cat 2	These are Tele-Phone wires, having two wires.
Cat 3 ( 4 mbps) cat 4 ( 16 Mbps)	These are used in ring topology, these are called as S.T.P wires having 4 wires
Cat 5 ( 100 Mbps ) cat 6 ( 256 Mbps )	These are used in star topology, these are called as U.T.P wires having 8 wires.

RING TOPOLOGY

1. Used in IBM computers.
2. Uses S.T.P cables.
3. S.T.P cables have 4 wires {2 pairs}.
4. It is multi station access unit.
5. Based on token policy, token – 6 bit data address.
6. Data transmission speed is 4 mbps/16 mbps.

Hybrid topology

A network topology that uses two or more network Topolgy
The Physical Hybrid Topology

With the hybrid Topology, two or more topologies are combined to form a complete network. For example, a hybrid Topology could be the combination of a star and bus topology. These are also the most common in use.

Star-Bus

In a star-bus topology, several star topology networks are linked to a bus connection. In this topology, if a computer fails, it will not affect the rest of the network. However, if the central component, or hub, that attaches all computers in a star, fails, then you have big problems since no computer will be able to communicate.

Start-Ring

In the Star-Ring topology, the computers are connected to a central component as in a star network. These components, however, are wired to form a ring network.

Like the star-bus topology, if a single computer fails, it will not affect the rest of the network. By using token passing, each computer in a star-ring topology has an equal chance of communicating. This allows for greater network traffic between segments than in a star-bus topology.

The Physical Mesh Topology

In a Mesh Topology each computer is connected to every other computer by a separate cable. This configuration provides redundant paths through the new work, so if one computer blows up, you don't lose the network :) On a large scale, you can connect multiple LANs using mesh topology with leased telephone lines, Thicknet coaxial cable or fiber optic cable.

Again, the big advantage of this topology is its backup capabilities by providing multiple paths through the network.