BASIC ELECTR0NICS

Introduction of electronics: -

 It has a branch of engineering which deals with the flow of electrons charges and its reactions through a conductor that may be either a gas tube, vacuum tube

I) Element: - A matter composed only one kind of atom is called element

2) Matter: - A body which has a definite weight and which occupy some space is called matter. It has 3 states 1) Solid 2) Liquid 3) Gas.

3) Molecular: - A smallest particle of matter, which contains all physical and chemical properties that of matter is called molecular.

4) Atom: - A smallest particle of mater which can take part in chemical reaction and can separated by chemical reaction but has no free existence. Which contains protons, neutrons and electrons? Atom has two parts 1) Nuclear 2) Electrons around the orbit.

5) Atomic structure: - According to J.J. Thomson molecules is the smallest particle but after words they can be known for atom is the smallest particle.

6) Atom Contains: - Atom contains there are three smallest particles, which are: -

1) Protons: - It is '+' ve charge. Rooter Ford invents these protons. One proton is equal to 1/1840 electron. Protons are positive charge 1.

2) Neutron: - It is "0" charge. Chadwick invents these neutrons.

3) Electron: - It is '-' charge. J.J.Thomson invents this electron; Electron negative charge of 1.602*10 to the power of -19 C. Flow of electron is 6.28*10 to the power of 18 per second.

ELECTRICITY

1) Electricity: - It is a sort of energy that can be expressed we cannot see but we can feel of electricity can produced high heat motion attraction Repulsion etc. This electricity discovered by ampere.

2) Electronics: - The branch of science that deals with behaviors and application of electrons and other changes carriers is called electronic.

Electricity produced in 4 way's

1)Hydro electric

2) Thermo electric

3) Nuclear electric

4) Solar electricity

Electricity can generate by many ways we use very few methods.

Current: - The free flow of electrons is called current is measured by Ampere. Letter “I” donates it

The speed of electric current is 3*10 to the power of 8 m/sec

Current is mainly 2 types.

1) Ac - Alternating current

2) Dc - Direct current.

A.C: - The current whose magnitude and direction remains attempting at a definite rate is called AC current.

DC: - The current whose magnitude and direction remains constant is called DC current.

5) Voltage: - The pressure of required moving the electrons from one place to anther place is called voltage. The Voltage units are volts. ‘V’ donates it and its voltage checked by voltmeter.

6) Power: - The combination of voltage and current is called power, units of power waltz; it’s donated by 'P'. Therefore P=VI. Another formula: - The rate of change of work is called power.

Work done W

Time T

These three means current voltage and power are called electricity

7) Frequency: - The number of cycle in one second in a medium is known as frequency it is donated by 'F. In 1965 an honors of German scientist Henrich Rudolph Hertz this units in changed in Hertz and donated by as HZ.

The relationship of HZ

1000 HZ = 1 Kilo HZ

1000 K HZ = 1 Mega HZ

1000 M HZ= 1 Gega HZ

8) Wave: - A periodic disturbances either continuous or transient that is propagation through a medium or through space or in which the displacement from a mean value is a function of time or position or both is known as was a complete wave makes an angle is 360 degrees.

Positive help cycle is known as maximum amplitude and Negative half cycle is known as minimum amplitude.

Mainly the frequency is two types: -

1) Low frequency

2) High frequency

1) Low frequency: - The frequency in which the maximum and minimum (Amplitude) of waves are low in comparison to the wavelength is known as low frequency.

2) High frequency: - The frequency in which the (Amplitude) maximum and minimum is more in compaction with the wavelength is known as high frequency.