Microsoft Windows shortcut keys

Microsoft Windows shortcut keys Shortcut Keys	3.x	95	98	ME	NT	2000	XP	Vista
Alt + Tab	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Switch between open applications.
Alt + Shift + Tab	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Switch backwards between open applications.
Alt + double-click		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Display the properties of the object you double-click on. For example, doing this on a file would display its properties.
Ctrl + Tab	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Switches between program groups or document windows in applications that support this feature.
Ctrl + Shift + Tab	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Same as above but backwards.
Alt + Print Screen	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Create a screen shot only for the program you are currently in.
Ctrl + Alt + Del	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Reboot the computer and/or bring up the Windows task manager.
Ctrl + Esc	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Bring up the Windows Start menu. In Windows 3.x this would bring up the Task Manager.
Alt + Esc		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Switch Between open applications on taskbar.
F1	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Activates help for current open application.
F2	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Renames selected Icon.
F3		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Starts find from desktop.
F4		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Opens the drive selection when browsing.
F5		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Refresh Contents.
F10	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Activates menu bar.
Shift + F10		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Simulates right-click on selected item.
F4		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Select a different location to browse in the Windows Explorer toolbar.
Alt + F4	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Closes Current open program.
Ctrl + F4	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Closes Window in Program.
F6		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Move cursor to different Windows Explorer pane.
Ctrl + Space bar	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Drops down the window control menu.
Ctrl + (the '+' key on the keypad)			X	X	X	X	X	X	Automatically adjust the widths of all the columns in Windows explorer
Alt + Enter		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Opens properties window of selected icon or program.
Shift + Del		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Delete programs/files without throwing them into the recycle bin.
Holding Shift	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Boot Safe Mode or by pass system files as the computer is booting.
Holding Shift		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	When putting in an audio CD, will prevent CD Player from playing.
Enter	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Activates the highlighted program.
Alt + Down arrow		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Display all available options on drop down menu.
* (on the keypad)		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Expands all folders on the currently selected folder or drive in Windows Explorer.
+ (on the keypad)		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Expands only the currently selected folder in Windows Explorer.
- (on the keypad)		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	Collapses the currently selected folder in Windows Explorer.

Windows key keyboard shortcuts

Below is a listing of Windows keys that can be used on computers running a Microsoft Windows operating system and using a keyboard with a Windows key. In the below list of shortcuts, the Windows key is represented by "WINKEY".

Shortcut Keys	Description
WINKEY	Pressing the Windows key alone will open Start.
WINKEY + F1	Opens the Microsoft Windows help and support center.
WINKEY + F3	Opens the Advanced find window in Microsoft Outlook.
WINKEY + D	Brings the desktop to the top of all other windows.
WINKEY + M	Minimizes all windows.
WINKEY + SHIFT + M	Undo the minimize done by WINKEY + M and WINKEY + D.
WINKEY + E	Open Microsoft Explorer.
WINKEY + Tab	Cycle through open programs through the taskbar.
WINKEY + F	Display the Windows Search / Find feature.
WINKEY + CTRL + F	Display the search for computers window.
WINKEY + F1	Display the Microsoft Windows help.
WINKEY + R	Open the run window.
WINKEY + Pause / Break key	Open the system properties window.
WINKEY + U	Open Utility Manager.
WINKEY + L	Lock the computer (Windows XP and above only).

Unix / Linux shortcut keys

Unix / Linux shortcut keys

Quick links
IntroductionKeyboard shortcut keysCommand line shortcuts
Introduction
Shortcuts are designed to help shorten the time required to perform frequently used commands or actions. In the below sections we have listed keyboard shortcut keys that can be performed by pressing two or more keys at once. In addition to keyboard shortcut keys, we have also listed command line shortcut keys that can be typed in at the shell.
Please note that the below shortcut keys and command line shortcuts will not work on all variants of Unix and/or Linux.
Keyboard shortcut keys
CTRL + B
Moves the cursor backward one character.
CTRL + C
Cancels the currently running command.
CTRL + D
Logs out of the current session.
CTRL + F
Moves the cursor forward one character.
CTRL + H
Erase one character. Similar to pressing backspace.
CTRL + P
Paste previous line and/or lines.
CTRL + S
Stops all output on screen (XOFF).
CTRL + Q
Turns all output stopped on screen back on (XON).
CTRL + U
Erases the complete line.
CTRL + W
Deletes the last word typed in. For example, if you typed 'mv file1 file2' this shortcut would delete file2.
CTRL + Z
Cancels current operation, moves back a directory and/or takes the current operation and moves it to the background. See bg command for additional information about background.
Command line shortcuts
In addition to the below command line shortcuts, it is also helpful to use the alias command that allows you to specify a keyword for frequently used commands or mistakes.
~
Moves to the user's home directory.
!!
Repeats the line last entered at the shell. See history command for previous commands.
!$
Repeats the last argument for the command last used. See history command for previous commands.
reset
Resets the terminal if terminal screen is not displaying correctly.
shutdown -h now
Remotely or locally shuts the system down.

Basic PC shortcut keys

Basic PC shortcut keys

The below basic shortcut keys are a listing of shortcut keys that will work with almost all IBM compatible computers and software programs. It is highly recommended that all users keep a good reference of the below short cut keys and/or try to memorize the below keys. Doing so will dramatically increase your productivity.

Shortcut Keys
Description Alt + F

File menu options in current program.
Alt + E
Edit options in current program
F1

Universal Help in almost every Windows program.
Ctrl + A
Select all text.
Ctrl + X
Cut selected item.
Shift + Del
Cut selected item.

Copy selected item.
Ctrl + Ins
Copy selected item
Ctrl + VPaste
Shift + Ins
Paste
Home
Goes to beginning of current line.
Ctrl + Home
Goes to beginning of document.
End
Goes to end of current line.
Ctrl + End
Goes to end of document.
Shift + Home
Highlights from current position to beginning of line.
Shift + End
Highlights from current position to end of line.
Ctrl + Left arrow
Moves one word to the left at a time.
Ctrl + Right arrow
Moves one word to the right at a time.

windows 2003 NET Commands

Windows XP syntax

NET [ ACCOUNTS COMPUTER CONFIG CONTINUE FILE GROUP HELP HELPMSG LOCALGROUP NAME PAUSE PRINT SEND SESSION SHARE START STATISTICS STOP TIME USE USER VIEW ]
NET ACCOUNTS

Adjust account settings.
[/FORCELOGOFF:{minutes NO}] [/MINPWLEN:length][/MAXPWAGE:{days UNLIMITED}] [/MINPWAGE:days][/UNIQUEPW:number] [/DOMAIN]

NET COMPUTER
Add other networked computers with Windows Domain Controller.
\\computername {/ADD /DEL}

NET CONFIG
Displays your current server and/or workgroup settings.
[SERVER WORKSTATION]

NET CONTINUEContinues the use of service.
[service]

NET FILE
Display opened shared files on the server.
[id [/CLOSE]]

NET GROUP
Add, delete, view, and otherwise manage network workgroups.
[groupname [/COMMENT:"text"]] [/DOMAIN]groupname {/ADD [/COMMENT:"text"] /DELETE} [/DOMAIN]groupname username [...] {/ADD /DELETE} [/DOMAIN]

NET LOCALGROUP
Add, delete, view, and otherwise manage network groups.
[groupname [/COMMENT:"text"]] [/DOMAIN]groupname {/ADD [/COMMENT:"text"] /DELETE} [/DOMAIN]groupname name [...] {/ADD /DELETE} [/DOMAIN]

NET NAME
Create or delete name used for messaging.
[name [/ADD /DELETE]]

NET PAUSEPause the specified network service.
[service]

NET PRINTManage network print jobs.
\\computername\sharename[\\computername] job# [/HOLD /RELEASE /DELETE]

NET SEND
Sends messages to other users, computers, or messaging names on the network. The Messenger service must be running to receive messages.
You can send a message only to an name that is active on the network. If the message is sent to a username, that user must be logged on and running the Messenger service to receive the message.
{name * /DOMAIN[:name] /USERS} message

NET SESSIONDisplay all sessions connected to the computer and deletes them if specified.
[\\computername] [/DELETE]

NET SHARECreate and manage a local network share.
sharenamesharename=drive:path [/USERS:number /UNLIMITED][/REMARK:"text"][/CACHE:Manual Documents Programs None ]sharename [/USERS:number /UNLIMITED][/REMARK:"text"][/CACHE:Manual Documents Programs None]{sharename devicename drive:path} /DELETE

NET START
Start the specified network service.
[service]

NET STATISTICSDisplay network statistics of the workstation or server.
[WORKSTATION SERVER]

NET STOPStop the specified network service.
service

NET TIMEDisplay the time and date of another network computer.
[\\computername /DOMAIN[:domainname] /RTSDOMAIN[:domainname]] [/SET][\\computername] /QUERYSNTP[\\computername] /SETSNTP[:ntp server list]

NET USEConnects or disconnects your computer from a shared resource or displays information about your connections.
[devicename *] [\\computername\sharename[\volume] [password *]][/USER:[domainname\]username][/USER:[dotted domain name\]username][/USER:[username@dotted domain name][/SMARTCARD][/SAVECRED][[/DELETE] [/PERSISTENT:{YES NO}]]NET USE {devicename *} [password *] /HOMENET USE [/PERSISTENT:{YES NO}]

NET USERDisplays users on the computer and/or domain.
[username [password *] [options]] [/DOMAIN]username {password *} /ADD [options] [/DOMAIN]username [/DELETE] [/DOMAIN]

NET VIEWDisplays a list of computers in a specified workgroup or the shared resources available on a specified computer.
[\\computername [/CACHE] /DOMAIN[:domainname]]NET VIEW /NETWORK:NW [\\computername]
Windows 2000 syntax

NET CONFIGDisplays your current workgroup settings.

NET CONFIG [/YES]
/YES
Carries out the NET CONFIG command withoutfirst prompting you to provide information orconfirm actions.

NET DIAGRuns the Microsoft Network Diagnostics program to test the hardware connection between two computers and to display information about a single computer.NET DIAGNOSTICS [/NAMES /STATUS]
/NAMES
Specifies a diagnostic server name in order to avoid conflicts when NET DIAG is used simultaneously by multiple users. This option works only when the network uses a NetBIOS protocol.
/STATUS
Enables you to specify a computer about which you want network diagnostics information.

NET HELPDisplays information about NET commands and error messages.
command /?NET HELP [suffix]NET HELP errornum
command /?
Specifies the Microsoft NET command that you want information about.
suffix
Specifies the second word of the command you want information about. For example, the suffix of NET VIEW is VIEW.
errornum
Specifies the number of the error message that you want information about.

NET INIT
Loads protocol and network-adapter drivers without binding them to Protocol Manager. This command may be required if you are using a third-party network-adapter driver. You can then bind the drivers to Protocol Manager by typing NET START NETBIND.
NET INITIALIZE [/DYNAMIC]
/DYNAMIC
Loads the Protocol Manager dynamically. This is useful with some third-party networks, such as Banyan(R) VINES(R), to resolve memory problems.

NET LOGOFF
Breaks the connection between your computer and the shared resources to which it is connected.
NET LOGOFF [/YES]
/YES
Carries out the NET LOGOFF command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions.

NET LOGON
Identifies you as a member of a workgroup.
NET LOGON [user [password ?]] [/DOMAIN:name] [/YES] [/SAVEPW:NO]
user
Specifies the name that identifies you in your workgroup. The name you specify can contain up to 20 characters.
password
The unique string of characters that authorizes you to gain access to your password-list file. The password can contain up to 14 characters.
?
Specifies that you want to be prompted for your password.
/DOMAIN
Specifies that you want to log on to a Microsoft Windows NT or LAN Manager domain. name Specifies the Windows NT or LAN Manager domain you want to log on to.
/YES
Carries out the NET LOGON command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions.
/SAVEPW:NO
Carries out the NET LOGON command without prompting you to create a password-list file.
If you would rather be prompted to type your user name and password instead of specifying them in the NET LOGON command line, type NET LOGON without options.

NET PASSWORDChanges your logon password.
NET PASSWORD [oldpassword [newpassword]]NET PASSWORD \\computer /DOMAIN:name [user [oldpassword [newpassword]]]
oldpassword
Specifies your current password.
newpassword
Specifies your new password. It can have as many as 14 characters.
computer
Specifies the Windows NT or LAN Manager server on which you want to change your password.
/DOMAIN
Specifies that you want to change yourpassword on a Windows NT or LAN Manager domain.name Specifies the Windows NT or LAN Manager domain on whichyou want to change your password.
user
Specifies your Windows NT or LAN Manager user name.
The first syntax line above is for changing the password for your password-list file. The second syntax line above is for changing your password on a Windows NT or LAN Manager server or domain.

NET PRINT
Displays information about print queues and controls print jobs.
NET PRINT \\computer[\printer] port [/YES]NET PRINT \\computer port [job# [/PAUSE /RESUME /DELETE]] [/YES]
computer
Specifies the name of the computer whose print queue you want information about.
printer
Specifies the name of the printer you want information about.
port
Specifies the name of the parallel (LPT) port on your computer that is connected to the printer you want information about.
job#
Specifies the number assigned to a queued print job. You can specify the below options.
/PAUSE
Pauses a print job.
/RESUME
Restarts a print job that has been paused.
/DELETE
Cancels a print job.
/YES
Carries out the NET PRINT command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions.
When you specify the name of a computer by using the NET PRINT command, you receive information about the print queues on each of the shared printers that are connected to the computer.

NET SEND
NET SEND {name * /DOMAIN[:name] /USERS} message
Sends messages to other users, computers, or messaging names on the network. The Messenger service must be running to receive messages.
You can send a message only to an name that is active on the network. If the message is sent to a username, that user must be logged on and running the Messenger service to receive the message.
name
Is the username, computername, or messaging name to send the message to. If the name is a computername that contains blank characters, enclose the alias in quotation marks (" ").
*
Sends the message to all the names in your group.
/DOMAIN[:name]
Sends the message to all the names in the workstation domain. If name is specified, the message is sent to all the names in the specified domain or workgroup.
/USERS
Sends the message to all users connected to the server.
message
Is text to be sent as a message.

NET SHARE
NET SHARE sharename

sharename=drive:path
[/USERS:number /UNLIMITED][/REMARK:"text"][/CACHE:Manual Automatic No ]
sharename
[/USERS:number /UNLIMITED][/REMARK:"text"][/CACHE:Manual Automatic No ]
{sharename devicename drive:path}
/DELETE

NET STARTStarts services. NOTE: Services cannot be started from a command prompt within Windows.
NET START [BASIC NWREDIR WORKSTATION NETBIND NETBEUI NWLINK] [/LIST] [/YES] [/VERBOSE]
BASIC
Starts the basic redirector.
NWREDIR
Starts the Microsoft Novell(R) compatible redirector.
WORKSTATION
Starts the default redirector.
NETBIND
Binds protocols and network-adapter drivers.
NETBEUI
Starts the NetBIOS interface.
NWLINK
Starts the IPX/SPX-compatible interface.
/LIST
Displays a list of the services that are running.
/YES
Carries out the NET START command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions.
/VERBOSE
Displays information about device drivers and services as they are loaded.
To start the workgroup redirector you selected during Setup, type NET START without options. In general, you don't need to use any of the options.

NET STOP
Stops services. NOTE: Services cannot be stopped from a command prompt within Windows.NET STOP [BASIC NWREDIR WORKSTATION NETBEUI NWLINK] [/YES]
NET STOP
Stops the basic redirector.
BASIC
Stops the basic redirector.
NWREDIR
Stops the Microsoft Novell(R) compatible redirector.
WORKSTATION
Stops the default redirector.
NETBEUI
Stops the NetBIOS interface.
NWLINK
Stops the IPX/SPX compatible interface.
/YES
Carries out the NET STOP command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions.
To stop the workgroup redirector, type NET STOP without options. This breaks all your connections to shared resources and removes the NET commands from your computer's memory.

NET TIMEDisplays the time on or synchronizes your computer's clock with the shared clock on a Microsoft Windows for Workgroups, Windows NT, Windows 95, or NetWare time server.
NET TIME [\\computer /WORKGROUP:wgname] [/SET] [/YES]
computer
Specifies the name of the computer (time server) whose time you want to check or synchronize your computer's clock with.
/WORKGROUP
Specifies that you want to use the clock on a computer (time server) in another workgroup.
wgname
Specifies the name of the workgroup containing a computer whose clock you want to check or synchronize your computer's clock with. If there are multiple time servers in that workgroup, NET TIME uses the first one it finds.
/SET
Synchronizes your computer's clock with the clock on the computer or workgroup you specify.
/YES
Carries out the NET TIME command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions.
NET USE
Connects or disconnects your computer from a shared resource or displays information about your connections.
NET USE [drive: *] [\\computer\directory [password ?]][/SAVEPW:NO] [/YES] [/NO]NET USE [port:] [\\computer\printer [password ?]][/SAVEPW:NO] [/YES] [/NO]
NET USE drive: \\computer\directory /DELETE [/YES]NET USE port: \\computer\printer /DELETE [/YES]NET USE * /DELETE [/YES]
NET USE drive: * /HOME
drive
Specifies the drive letter you assign to a shared directory.
*
Specifies the next available drive letter. If used with /DELETE, specifies to disconnect all of your connections.
port
Specifies the parallel (LPT) port name you assign to a shared printer.
computer
Specifies the name of the computer sharing the resource.
directory
Specifies the name of the shared directory.
printer
Specifies the name of the shared printer.
password
Specifies the password for the shared resource, if any.
?
Specifies that you want to be prompted for the password of the shared resource. You don't need to use this option unless the password is optional.
/SAVEPW:NO
Specifies that the password you type should not be saved in your password-list file. You need to retype the password the next time you connect to this resource.
/YES
Carries out the NET USE command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions.
/DELETE
Breaks the specified connection to a sharedresource.
/NO
Carries out the NET USE command, responding with NO automatically when you are prompted to confirm actions.
/HOME
Makes a connection to your HOME directory if one is specified in your LAN Manager or Windows NT user account.
To list all of your connections, type NET USE without options.
NET VER
Displays the type and version number of the workgroup redirector you are using.
NET VER

NET VIEW
Displays a list of computers in a specified workgroup or the shared resources available on a specified computer.
NET VIEW [\\computer] [/YES]NET VIEW [/WORKGROUP:wgname] [/YES]
computer
Specifies the name of the computer whose shared resources you want to see listed.
/WORKGROUP
Specifies that you want to view the names of the computers in another workgroup that share resources.
wgname
Specifies the name of the workgroup whose computer names you want to view.
/YES
Carries out the NET VIEW command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions.
To display a list of computers in your workgroup that shareresources, type NET VIEW without options.

How To Assign IP Address In CMD Prompt and Graphical Mode On WIN XP

how to assign ip address in cmd prompt and graphical mode on win xp
how to assign ip address in cmd

you can change the IP from the command prompt.

The command is: to change IP and default gateway:syntax> netsh int ip set address "local area connection" static 192.168.0.101 255.255.255.0 192.168.0.254 1 to change
DNS: netsh int ip set dns "local area connection" static 192.168.0.254 primary
This is assuming

3 things. 1) The network adapter you're trying to change the IP for is "local area connection". It could also be "local area connection 2" or "wireless network connection". Look in your control panel for the correct name

2) The IP you want to set is 192.168.0.101, change this to whatever IP to want to use.

3) The default gateway and dns are the same IP. If you are using some kind of router they usually are. Change this to match your network config found with the command ipconfig /all

Assign Static IP Address (Windows XP)

Current IP Address

Find your current IP address and whether it is static or dynamic:
Open Windows Start menu.
Select Run. Type: command and click OK.
At the blinking cursor, type: ipconfig /all and press Enter.
Look for these entries near the end of the list:
- Dhcp Enabled. No means your IP address is static. Yes means it is dynamic.
- IP Address. This is your current IP address.
To exit, at the blinking cursor, type: exit and press Enter. If your current IP address is:
Static, then make note of the IP address. You need the IP address when you open ports in your router or firewall.
Dynamic, then assign a static IP address instead.


Assign the IP addressTo set a static IP address:Open Windows Start menu.
Open Control Panel.
Classic view: Open Network Connections Category view: Select Network and Internet Connections, and then Network Connections.
Double-click on your active LAN or Internet connection.
Click Properties. This opens the Local Area Connections Properties window.
In the General tab, highlight the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) item, and click Properties.
This opens the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.
In the General tab, click Use the following IP address, and enter:
- IP address. The static IP address you want to assign to this computer.
- Subnet mask. Subnet mask used by your router.
- Default gateway. IP address of your router's default gateway.
In Use the following DNS server addresses, enter all the IP addressses for the DNS servers your router uses.
Click OK.
Then:
Click OK to close each window.
Restart your computer.
Then, check your IP address again, to make sure that the changes were applied.

HOW TO INSTALL WINDOWS XP

HOW TO INSTALL WINDOWS XP

Installation processInstalling Windows XP can take up to two hours. To make the process more manageable, it has been broken up into several sections. When you are ready, install Windows XP:
•
Part 1: Begin the installation
•
Part 2: Continue the installation
•
Part 3: Complete the installation
Part 1: Begin the installation
1.Insert the Windows XP CD into your computer and restart your computer.
2.If prompted to start from the CD, press SPACEBAR. If you miss the prompt (it only appears for a few seconds), restart your computer to try again

3.Windows XP Setup begins. During this portion of setup, your mouse will not work, so you must use the keyboard. On the Welcome to Setup page, press ENTER.

4.On the Windows XP Licensing Agreement page, read the licensing agreement. Press the PAGE DOWN key to scroll to the bottom of the agreement. Then press F8.


5.This page enables you to select the hard disk drive on which Windows XP will be installed. Once you complete this step, all data on your hard disk drive will be removed and cannot be recovered. It is extremely important that you have a recent backup copy of your files before continuing. When you have a backup copy, press D, and then press L when prompted. This deletes your existing data.

6.Press ENTER to select Unpartitioned space, which appears by default.

7.Press ENTER again to select Format the partition using the NTFS file system, which appears by default.

8.Windows XP erases your hard disk drive using a process called formatting and then copies the setup files. You can leave your computer and return in 20 to 30 minutes.

Part 2: Continue the installation

9.Windows XP restarts and then continues with the installation process. From this point forward, you can use your mouse. Eventually, the Regional and Language Options page appears. Click Next to accept the default settings. If you are multilingual or prefer a language other than English, you can change language settings after setup is complete.

10.On the Personalize Your Software page, type your name and your organization name. Some programs use this information to automatically fill in your name when required. Then, click Next.

11.On the Your Product Key page, type your product key as it appears on your Windows XP CD case. The product key is unique for every Windows XP installation. Then, click Next.

12.On the Computer Name and Administrator Password page, in the Computer name box, type a name that uniquely identifies your computer in your house, such as FAMILYROOM or TOMS. You cannot use spaces or punctuation. If you connect your computer to a network, you will use this computer name to find shared files and printers. Type a strong password that you can remember in the Administrator password box, and then retype it in the Confirm password box. Write the password down and store it in a secure place. Click Next.

13. On the Date and Time Settings page, set your computer’s clock. Then, click the Time Zone down arrow, and select your time zone. Click Next.

14. Windows XP will spend about a minute configuring your computer. On the Networking Settings page, click Next.



15. On the Workgroup or Computer Domain page, click Next
Part 3: Complete the installation
16. Windows XP will spend 20 or 30 minutes configuring your computer and will automatically restart when finished. When the Display Settings dialog appears, click OK.

17. When the Monitor Settings dialog box appears, click OK.
18. The final stage of setup begins. On the Welcome to Microsoft Windows page, click Next.

19. On the Help protect your PC page, click Help protect my PC by turning on Automatic Updates now. Then, click Next.


20. Windows XP will then check if you are connected to the Internet:
• If you are connected to the Internet, select the choice that describes your network connection on the Will this computer connect to the Internet directly, or through a network? page. If you’re not sure, accept the default selection, and click Next.

If you use dial-up Internet access, or if Windows XP cannot connect to the Internet, you can connect to the Internet after setup is complete. On the How will this computer connect to the Internet? page, click Skip.
21. Windows XP Setup displays the Ready to activate Windows? page. If you are connected to the Internet, click Yes, and then click Next. If you are not yet connected to the Internet, click No, click Next, and then skip to step 24. After setup is complete, Windows XP will automatically remind you to activate and register your copy of Windows XP.

23. On the Collecting Registration Information page, complete the form. Then, click Next.

24. On the Who will use this computer? page, type the name of each person who will use the computer. You can use first names only, nicknames, or full names. Then click Next. To add users after setup is complete or to specify a password to keep your account private, read Create and customize user accounts.

25. On the Thank you! page, click Finish.
Congratulations! Windows XP setup is complete. You can log on by clicking your name on the logon screen. If you’ve installed Windows XP on a new computer or new hard disk drive, you can now use the File and Settings Transfer Wizard to copy your important data to your computer or hard disk drive.
After logon, take a few minutes to validate your copy of Windows. Validation gives you access to hundreds of free downloads from the Microsoft Download Center. To learn about the new features Windows XP provides, click the Start button, click All Programs, click Accessories, and then click Tour Windows XP.

how to identify DDR1 RAM and DDR2 RAM

how to identify DDR1 and DDR2

1. Mostly DDR RAM 1 will have big chips on RAM Board where compare to DDR2
2.  Pins missing both either direction at RAM notch in DDR2 and DDR1 will have one side pins are missing.
3. DDR RAM size is 15cm, DDR1 will have notch at the centre of the length i.e., 7.5 cm and DDR2 7cm

-This is DDR2

This is DDR 1

Interview questions for hardware and networking

Interview questions for hardware and networking
Hi guys,

I have some news for you. Brigade is recruiting candidates with 6-12 months of experience in a chat/email based process and I am sending you some information that will help you clear the technical test and technical interview. Recruitment process consists of the following:

1.Technical test (60 Multiple choice questions)
2.General English test (10 sentence corrections, a small essay and some multiple choice questions )
3.Technical interview.
4.HR Round (Mostly salary negotiation)
5.Thats it!!!! (Time to party)

The process to which you will be recruited is a chat process and you will need to support basic hardware issues mostly relating to Printers. (According to my sources of information)

I am forwarding you some information that will help you clear 1st and 3rd rounds. Please note that no one can be assisted with the second round. Following are some 326 questions and you can expect 60 out of them (Literally!!! and I’m not kidding). Some questions might not make any sense but you will need to remember them just for the heck of passing the test. If you already have these questions, skip them and go ahead reading rest of my mail. Don’t get scared after going through these questions:
======================
153 QUESTIONS (First set)
======================

1. RS-232 is a standard that applies to:

*a. serial ports
b. parallel ports
c. game ports
d. networks
e. digital frequencies

2. Comm ports use: (select all that apply)

*a. 9 pin male connector
b. 14 pin female connector
*c. 25 pin male connector
d. edge connector
e. parallel connector

3. Before a modem transmits, it send a:

*a. RTS
b. DTR
c. DSR
d. RQS
e. TRX

4. RTS stands for:

a. ready to start
b. ready to switch
*c. request to send
d. request to scan
e. ready to set

5. In modem terminology, CD stands for:

a. collect data
b. call data
c. cease deliver
*d. carrier detect
e. comm detect



6. UART is a type of serial chip. Its letters stand for:

a. unidirectional access regarding transmission
*b. universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter
c. upper advanced real transfer
d. unable all restore t-bits
e. use all rom types

7. Select all true statements:

*a. com1 and com3 share the same IRQ
b. com1 and com4 share the same IRQ
c. com2 and com3 share the same IRQ
*d. com2 and com4 share the same IRQ
e. com1 and com2 share the same IRQ

8. In modems that support more than 300 baud, baud and bps do not mean the same thing.

*a. true
b. false

9. "bps" stands for bits per second. Baud is the number of discrete signals per second. One discrete signal can encode more than one bit. Hence, a 9600 bps modem actually operates at 2400 baud. However, in common non-techie terminology, baud and bps are used synonymously, though that is not technically correct. These are all true statements.

*a. true
b. false

10. ________ is the term used to refer to the process of two modems establishing communications with each other.

a. interacting
*b. handshaking
c. connecting
d. linking
e. pinging

11. ISDN stands for:

a. internal select data nulls
*b. integrated services digital network
c. interval set down next
d. interior sector direct none
e. inferior sector data net
12. Your modem does not respond when you try to dial out. You try another modem on another computer and get the same result. What is the most likely problem?

a. defective modem
b. defective computer
c. software bug
*d. bad phone line
e. virus

13. You have a serial scanner connected to your computer configured to use com3. It is turned on. Your modem is using com1, and you can't dial out. What is the most likely problem?

a. everything should work ok
b. you have an i/o conflict
*c. you have a conflict with IRQ 4
d. you have a loose connection
e. you have a conflict with IRQ 3

14. What is the i/o address for com1?

a. 3e8
b. 3bc
c. 5f8
*d. 3f8
e. 008

15. What is the i/o address for com2?

a. 2vb
*b. 2f8
c. 8f8
d. 330
e. e8e

16. What is the i/o address for com3?

*a. 3e8
b. 345
c. ff8
d. 5e8
e. be8
17. What is the i/o address for com4?

a. 4e7
b. e8e
c. be0
d. cb8
*e. 2e8

18. Before sending data, a modem sends a request to send signal, or RTS.

*a. true
b. false

19. ISDN uses _______________ technology.

*a. only digital
b. digital and analog
c. only analog
d. neither digital nor analog
e. mostly digital

20. A COM port is a _______ port.

a. parallel
*b. serial
c. static
d. multi
e. scsi

21. Modems use ________________ transmission.

a. synchronous
*b. asynchronous
c. timed interval
d. ata
e. bank


22. CD-ROMs typically hold ______ of data.

a. 100 meg
b. 500 meg
*c. 650 meg
d. 1000 meg
e. 350 meg
e
23. The terms "red book", "yellow book", and "orange book" refer to:

a. scsi
b. ide
c. floppy drive technology
*d. CD-Rom standards
e. none of the above

24. CD-Roms are read by _________.

a. magnetic heads
b. electronic sensors
c. stepper motors
*d. laser diodes
e. titanium servos

25. Which of the following can cause CDs to be misread? Select all that apply.

*a. smudges
*b. finger prints
*c. scratches
*d. cracks
*e. slight melting

26. CD-Rom drives typically have which of the following interfaces? Select all that apply.

a. serial
*b. parallel
*c. ide
*d. scsi
e. esdi

27. CD-Rom drives have which connectors? Select all that apply.

*a. molex
b. berg
*c. data cable
*d. audio cable
e. arcnet
28. In a computer with an eide adapter, where should you connect an ATA CD-Rom drive?

a. on the floppy bus
b. on the primary ide
*c. on the secondary ide
d. on the scsi bus
e. none of the above

29. Your IDE CD-Rom drive is attached to the primary IDE adapter with your hard drive. How should its jumpers be set?

a. as a master
*b. as a slave
c. as neutral
d. auto detect
e. to 001

30. What does MSCDEX.EXE do?

a. configures hard drives
b. it's a scsi driver
c. bios setup
*d. It's a CD-Rom DOS driver
e. nothing, I just made it up

31. A CD-Rom drive always uses IRQ:

a. 9
b. 10
c. 11
d. 5
*e. depends on the adapter it's attached to

32. If a computer's bios allows it, you can boot from a CD-Rom.

*a. true
b. false

33. A single speed CD-Rom drive transfers data at:

a. 1 MB per second
b. 100 bytes per second
c. 20 million bits per second
d. 186,282 bits per second
*e. 150 KBs per second
34. Your CD-Rom audio cable connects to the:

a. speaker
*b. sound card (or motherboard if sound is integrated with it)
c. power supply
d. hard drive
e. bios

35. This statement is in autoexec.bat:
c:\dos\cdrom\mscdex /d:cdrom001 /l:e /m:10 /v

This statement is in config.sys:
device=c:\cdrom\atapicd.sys /d:cd001

Your CD-Rom drive is not working. What is wrong?

a. the "v" switch in autoexec.bat is invalid
*b. the device name is not the same in both files
c. the "m" switch in autoexec.bat is set too high
d. config.sys is not using the dos directory
e. nothing, it should work


36. Which of the following are SCSI issues? Select all that apply.

*a. unique id settings
*b. limited cable length
*c. parity
*d. passive termination
*e. active termination

37. On some older SCSI adapters, the boot hard drive must be set to id#: (as a side note, some of the older IBM SCSI PCs had to have the boot hard drive set to id 6, but this question deals primarily with most other PC makes and clones)

a. 2
b. 3
*c. 0
d. 9
e. 11

38. You have a PC with a SCSI adapter built into the system board. It has only one connection (internal), which is used for your hard drive, CD-Rom drive, and tape drive. Your boss wants to connect a SCSI scanner to the PC, so you install a SCSI adapter with an external connection to support the scanner. Now you have a PC with two SCSI adapters. SCSI adapters normally use id# 7, which the onboard adapter is set for. The adapter you installed should: (select all that apply)

a. use a different id
*b. use id 7 also
c. not use an id
*d. use a different IRQ
e. be checked for fleas

39. You run a super wing-ding diagnostic program on your PC, and it reports that your hard drive, microprocessor, ram, and video card have seen better days. To resolve this problem you should:

a. replace each part one at a time, rerunning the diagnostic before replacing the next part.
*b. check to see if you have a software problem
c. replace everything at once and rerun the diagnostic
d. get another copy of the diagnostic program
e. run an exhaustive memory check

40. Whenever you have a hardware resource conflict, it will more likely be an IRQ conflict rather than an i/o conflict because:

*a. there are alot more i/o addresses than IRQs.
b. the bios sometimes has more of a problem controlling IRQs
c. i/o addresses cannot conflict
d. software tends to correct i/o conflicts
e. software tends to mess up IRQs

41. SCSI adapters usually don't need drivers, just the devices that interface with them.

a. true
*b. false

42. Most SCSI-2 devices will work fine with SCSI-1 adapters.

*a. true
b. false

43. Single-ended SCSI or "regular" SCSI has one wire for each signal that needs to be sent along the SCSI bus. Differential SCSI has two wires for each signal that is sent. Differential SCSI cable lengths can be up to 25 meters. How long can single-ended SCSI cables be?

a. up to 50 meters
b. up to 100 meters
*c. up to 6 meters
d. up to 14 meters
e. up to 3 meters

44. Your PC has both internal and external SCSI devices connected to one SCSI host adapter. Which devices should be terminated? Select all that apply.

*a. the last internal device on the chain
*b. the last external device on the chain
c. the host adapter
d. the host adapter and one external device
e. the PC

45. How many devices can connect to the typical SCSI adapter? Assume is has only one data connector.

*a. 7
b. 8
c. 20
d. 10
e. depends on whether both internal and external devices are used

46. How many devices can be used on a single SCSI bus? Keep in mind that the SCSI host adapter counts as a device.

a. 7
*b. 8
c. 20
d. 10
e. see number 54

47. What is the jumper setting on a SCSI device to configure it to use the fourth SCSI id? Remember, SCSI ids start with zero.

a. 010
b. 110
*c. 011
d. 101
e. 001
48. Which type of interface provides for the fastest data transfer?

a. IDE
*b. SCSI
c. parallel
d. serial
e. ISA

49. In addition to i/o port addresses, SCSI adapters also use a range of rom addresses for their onboard bios.

*a. true
b. false

50. SCSI-2 cables have how many pins?

a. 40
b. 25
*c. 50
d. 72
e. 100

51. IDE cables have how many pins?

a. 25
b. 50
c. 100
*d. 40
e. 65

52. You are about to install a second IDE hard drive in a PC that has only one IDE adapter. Your first hard drive will still be the boot drive. How should the second drive be configured?

a. as a master
b. as a secondary
*c. as a slave
d. as a primary
e. as auto-select

53. What is the maximum number of IDE drives that EIDE will support?
a. 15
b. 3
*c. 4
d. 2
e. 0
54. You are installing an IDE hard drive that will be your boot drive.
Which is the correct order of steps that need to be followed?

a. jumper properly, auto-detect(or configure manually) in cmos, low level format, high level format, partition
*b. jumper properly, auto-detect(or configure manually) in cmos, partition, high level format with /s switch
c. jumper properly, partition, auto-detect(or configure manually in cmos, high level format with /s switch
d. jumper properly, auto-detect in cmos, regular format
e. jumper properly, partition, low level format, high level format

55. You are installing a SCSI hard drive that will be your boot drive.
Which is the correct order of steps that need to be followed?

a. jumper for id 0, cmos setup, low level format, high level format
b. set id jumpers to all zeros, high level format, partition
*c. set id jumpers to all zeros, partition, high level format
d. jumper for id 0, cmos setup, partition, high level format
e. set id jumpers to all zeros, high level format, partition

56. On a flat data cable, a red or blue stripe means:

a. ground
b. high voltage
c. null connection
*d. pin 1
e. that it's an IDE or SCSI cable

57. Which of the following would be considered an FRU? Select all that apply.

*a. hard drive
*b. system board
*c. ram
d. DMA controller
*e. level 2 cache simm

58. Which of the following would not be considered an FRU?

a. hard drive
*b. IRQ controller
*c. any soldered IC
d. floppy drive
e. system board

59. You have a system that periodically locks up. You have ruled out software, and now suspect that it is hardware. What should you do first that could help you narrow it down to the component at fault?

a. rotate the ram
b. replace the ram
c. replace the level 2 cache simm
*d. disable the CPU cache in cmos
e. replace the CPU

60. You have a PC with no video on a known good monitor. Pick the best order you should follow in tracking down the problem.

a. replace the video card, replace the monitor, replace the power supply, replace the system board, try a different monitor
*b. check that PC and monitor are plugged in, check that monitor brightness is turned up, check that PC fan is running, remove all option cards
c. check PC supply voltages, replace video card, replace CPU
d. check that everything's plugged in, replace system board
e. check that everything's plugged in, replace hard drive, replace ram

61. Most PCs give a single beep on bootup to indicate they are ok hardware wise. You boot your PC and don't get a beep. What should you check first?

a. system board
b. ram
c. microprocessor
d. power supply
*e. speaker

62. What beep codes could indicate a system board or power supply failure? Select all that apply.

*a. steady short beep
*b. no beep
*c. one long continuous beep tone
*d. steady long beeps
e. one long, two short beeps

63. Your PC is continuously rebooting itself. Select all of the following that could be causing the problem.
*a. bad PC power supply
*b. faulty power at AC outlet
*c. bad system board
*d. defective adapter card
*e. corrupt operating system
64. You have an old PC that you decide to upgrade with a 1 gig IDE hard drive. You find that you can't configure cmos to see the entire hard drive. The best you can do is 540 meg. What is the fix?

a. get a newer PC
b. manually input the sectors, cylinders, and heads of the hard drive
c. put multiple partitions on the hard drive
d. make the bios think it's a SCSI drive
*e. use a device driver that makes the bios see the drive as simply a block storage device, or upgrade the bios if possible

65. A sound card typically uses which IRQ?

a. 6
*b. 5
c. 15
d. 1
e. it doesn't use an IRQ

66. Your IDE hard drive is not spinning up when you turn on the PC. What is the most likely problem.

a. bad data cable
b. incorrect jumper setting on drive
*c. loose molex connector
d. virus
e. bad system board

67. You have a PC with no video. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be causing the problem?

a. defective ram (bank zero)
b. defective microprocessor
*c. crashed hard drive
d. loose video card
e. low AC outlet power

68. I once had a PC with no video. I replaced the system board, CPU, and video card, and still had no video. I then replaced the IDE cable and fixed the problem. Am I telling the truth?

a. no, you're just pulling everyone's leg
*b. you betcha!



69. A virus can mimick just about any hardware symptoms you can think of.

*a. true
b. false

70. A static jolt of as little of ____ volts can fry most any PC integrated circuit.

a. 200
*b. 30
c. 1000
d. 200
e. 500

71. A human cannot feel a static discharge as high as ____ volts.

*a. 200
b. 2000
c. 10000
d. 50000
e. 50

72. ESD is ___________.

a. electronic stasis device
*b. electrostatic discharge
c. electric surge device
d. electronic system driver
e. forget it, I can't think of any more words for these letters

73. What's the best way to prevent damaging your PC with static electricity?

a. place your PC on a rubber mat
b. wear leather soled shoes
c. periodically touch a safe ground point on the PC to discharge yourself
d. static electricity doesn't really hurt a PC
*e. wear an ESD wrist strap

74. What is EMI? (uh, oh - here we go again)

a. electro-magnetic interference
b. electronic maintainence inquiry
c. that's it! it's answer a



75. You're on your PC at midnight and an electric storm pops up. What's the best way to protect your PC.

a. you don't worry; you have a lightning rod on your house
b. you don't worry; you've got a surge protector on your PC
c. you don't worry; you've got a surge protector on your PC and phone line to your modem
*d. unplug the PC and remove phone line from the modem
e. stop standing on it

76. Something as small as a ________ on a drive platter can cause your hard drive to crash. Select all that apply.

*a. human hair
*b. dust particles
*c. finger print
d. a .001 micron high imperfection
*e. accumulation of smoke particles

77. When your hard drive crashes from any of the correct selections in the question above, or from dropping it, it is known as head-to-disk interference, or HDI.

*a. true
b. false


78. You should never put floppy drives, hard drives, or even VCR tapes or cassette tapes on top of speakers (or near any other source of magnetism) because of:

a. RFI
*b. EMI
c. EXE
d. FYI
e. IOU

79. Static electricity thrives is which type of environment?

a. cold and humid
b. warm and humid
c. warm and dry
d. cold and warm
*e. cold and dry




80. Which is the most difficult environmentally to dispose of?

a. floppy drives
b. hard drives
c. power supplies
*d. CRTs
e. system boards

81. What should you use to clean the plastic cover on your monitor or PC? Select all that apply.

a. alcohol
b. damp sponge
*c. lint-free cloth
d. WD-40
*e. mild soap solution

82. Dust in a computer actually increases the size of the magnetic fields inside it. This is not good, so you must occasionaly dust, I trust. What's the best way to do this?

a. reverse vacuum
b. any small vacuum device
c. blow real hard on the system board
d. use a lint-free cloth and wipe gently
*e. non-static compressed air

83. What's the best way to protect your hard drive data?

*a. regular backups
b. periodically defrag it
c. run chkdsk at least once a week
d. run scandisk at least once a week
e. run a regular diagnostic

84. A CRT's grid voltage can be as high as:

a. 110 volts
b. 5000 volts
*c. 15,000 volts
d. 50,000 volts
e. 1000 volts
85. A monitor's CRT (cathode ray tube) can pack quite a wallop of a charge even if it's been turned off for several days or more. Before you service a monitor, you must discharge the CRT using a tool specific for that purpose. Before you do the discharge, what must you do first?
a. make sure the monitor is not connected to a PC
*b. make sure the monitor is unplugged
c. make sure the monitor is turned off
d. make sure the brighness is turned down
e. make sure your life insurance policy is paid up

86. ESD is least likely to cause damage to which components? Select all that apply.
*a. keyboard
*b. mouse
c. cmos chips
d. microprocessor
e. adapter cards

87. Which of the following are input devices only? Select all that apply.
a. modem
*b. mouse
*c. keyboard
d. SCSI controller
e. video card

88. Which of the following are both input/output devices? Select all that apply.
*a. modem
*b. SCSI controller
c. keyboard
d. mouse
e. monitor

89.

______
____
__
.

The above symbol represents:

a. DC voltage
b. AC voltage
*c. ground
d. positive voltage
e. negative voltage

90. Which component stores an electrical charge?

a. diode
b. rectifier
*c. capacitor
d. resistor
e. transistor

91. On PC power supplies, the wire attached to pin one is usually:

a. blue or red
b. blue or white
c. red or black
d. red or white
*e. white or orange

92. If the voltage on pin 1 of the power supply is not in the range of ______ volts, the PC will not boot.

a. 10 - 20
b. 1 - 5
c. 50 - 110
d. 15 - 25
*e. 2.5 - 5

93. The output voltages of a PC power supply are in the form of _____ current.

a. AC
*b. DC
c. amperage
d. resistive
e. trickle

94. The output voltages from a PC power supply are:
a. +20, +110, -20, -110
*b. +5, +12, -5, -12
c. +110, -110, +25, -25
d. +10, -10, +20, -20
e. +110, -15, +25, -5

95. A spike is a sharp and sudden rise in voltage. It's duration is usually measured in:
a. nanoseconds
*b. milliseconds
c. seconds
d. minutes
e. picto seconds
96. A brownout is defined as:

a. a slightly elevated voltage lasting from seconds to minutes or more
*b. a slightly decreased voltage lasting from seconds to minutes or more
c. complete power out lasting a few minutes
d. alternating power out, power on lasting a few minutes
e. has nothing to do with electricity

97. Resistance is measured in units of:

*a. ohms
b. farads
c. helids
d. amperes
e. volts

98. Current is measured in units of:

a. volts
*b. amps
c. ohms
d. farads
e. diodes

99. Capacitance is measured in units of:

a. volts
b. amps
*c. farads
d. neutrinos
e. anti-neutrinos

100. Voltage is measured:

*a. in parallel
b. in series
c. after breaking the circuit
d. after checking resistance
e. after checking current

101. Resistance is measured:
a. in parallel
b. in series
*c. after breaking the circuit
d. after checking voltage
e. after checking current
102. Current is measured:

a. in parallel
*b. only when you turn the device off first, then connect your meter to the device in series, then turning it back on
c. after checking voltage
d. only when you turn the device off first, then touch the correct meter leads to the corresponding terminals
e. only on an open circuit

103. AC ripple is unwanted AC current where there should only be direct current. When AC is rectified to DC, it is difficult, if not impossible to get rid of all the AC voltage, though a certain amount is tolerable. You want to measure the AC voltage in a DC circuit, so you set your meter to measure:

a. DC voltage
*b. AC voltage
c. DC current
d. AC current
e. ripple

104. Anti-static plastic bags are:

*a. conductive
b. non-conductive
c. part rubber, part plastic
d. 90% non-porous
e. magneto-resistive

105. POST stands for:

a. positive operating system test
b. particle of static transfer
*c. power on self test
d. printer online static test
e. printer online standard test

106. POST is done when the PC is: (select all that apply)

a. warm booted
*b. first turned on
c. CTRL-ALT-DELETE booted
*d. restarted with the reset button
e. giving a numeric error code


107. The POST routine, which counts system board ram first, is stored in:

a. ram
b. microprocessor
*c. rom bios
d. cmos
e. 8259 POST controller

108. A 1xx (x can be any digit) POST error code indicates a problem with the:

a. video
b. ram or rom
c. hard drive
*d. system board
e. first adapter card

109. A 2xx POST error code indicates a problem with:

*a. ram or rom
b. hard drive
c. system board
d. second adapter card
e. cmos battery

110. A 3xx POST error code indicates a problem with:

a. mouse
*b. keyboard
c. floppy drive
d. video adapter
e. monitor

111. A 4xx, 5xx, or 24xx POST error code indicates a problem with:

a. hard drive
b. IRQ controller
*c. video adapter
d. keyboard
e. floppy drive

112. OK, last numeric error code check: A 17xx indicates a problem with:
a. cmos
b. rom bios
c. DMA controller
*d. hard drive or controller
e. power supply
113. A 6xx indicates a problem with the:

a. floppy drive (see, I kept my word)

114. A parity error usually indicates a problem with:

*a. memory
b. hard drive
c. hard drive controller
d. i/o controller
e. power supply

115. How many bits in a byte?

a. 16
*b. 8
c. 255
d. 10
e. 2 to the 9th power

116. PCMCIA stands for "personal computer memory card international association". Just take my word for it. This association sets forth the standards for the PC card. PC cards are: (select all that apply)

*a. hot swappable
b. not hot swappable
*c. plug and play
d. not plug and play
e. used only in mainframes

117. Type one PC cards:

a. are used only in desktops
b. are no longer being produced
*c. are the thinnest of the PC cards
d. don't exist
e. have their own power source

118. To start the setup program (or cmos setup), there is usually a key or set of keys you must press simultaneously. Some of the ones used by various PCs are listed below. Select all that are correct.
*a. CTRL-ALT-ENTER
b. CTRL-ALT-DELETE
*c. CTRL-ALT-S
*d. DELETE
*e. F10
119. The floppy drive uses which DMA (direct memory access) channel?

a. 5
b. 4
c. 1
d. 9
*e. 2

120. You do a DIR on a diskette, remove it and insert another, and get the same DIR listing from the first diskette. This is known as a "phantom" directory, and it is caused by: (select all that apply)

*a. line 34 on the floppy cable is bad
b. bad microprocessor
c. defective diskette
*d. defective floppy drive
e. failing hard drive

121. The power connector on a floppy drive is called a:

*a. berg connector
b. molex connector
c. has no formal name
d. mini-molex
e. hybrid connector

122. On most floppy cables, the order for the connectors is:

a. adapter, drive A, drive B
b. adapter, tape drive connector, drive A
*c. adapter, drive B, drive A
d. adapter, drive A or B, drive A or B
e. depends on cmos settings

123. The print from a dot-matrix printer is light and uneven. This is most likely caused by:

a. defective printhead
*b. worn ribbon
c. paper not advancing properly
d. defective carriage assembly
e. worn platten



124. The print from a dot-matrix printer is sometimes light, sometimes dark. This is most likely caused by:

a. worn ribbon
*b. paper not advancing properly
c. worn platten
d. defective printhead
e. defective carriage assembly

125. On a dot-matrix printer, regular lube maintainence should be followed, but this component should never be lubed:

a. platten bearings
b. carriage rails
*c. printhead
d. paper advance bearings
e. carriage bearings

126. When you move a mouse, the mouse pointer is positioned via:

a. GPS
b. analog pulses
c. pressure sensors
d. friction detectors
*e. pulses of light

127. Your laser printer is on, you hear the fan running, but it won't print. What is the first thing you should check?

a. that all the cables are connected securely
b. that the correct print driver is installed
*c. that the printer is online
d. that the printer has paper
e. that the printer is not jammed

128. In laser printing, there are six steps the printer follows. What comes between the conditioning phase and the developing phase?

a. transer phase
*b. writing phase
c. fusing phase
d. cleaning phase
e. nothing


129. During the laser printer's conditioning phase a uniform charge of _______ is placed on the photosensitive drum.

a. +1000 volt
b. +600 volts
*c. -600 volts
d. -1000 volts
e. + 12 volts

130. In order to place this charge on the drum, the primary corona wire must emit a charge of:

a. +15000 volts
b. -110 volts
c. +110 volts
*d. -6000 volts
e. +6000 volts

131. The transfer corona uses a/an ______ charge to attract the toner to the paper.

a. negative
*b. positive
c. alternating
d. magnetic
e. electronic pulse

132. Your laser printer gives you an error code 50. This is usually caused by a defective:

a. formatter board
b. DC controller
*c. fuser assembly
d. high voltage power supply
e. laser unit

133. Laser printer toner is composed primarily of: (select all that apply)

*a. particles of plastic resin
b. saw dust
c. talc
d. ash
*e. iron oxide (rust)




134. An important first step in troubleshooting which component in a laser printer is causing a jam is to:

*a. note where in the paper path the paper stops
b. check all voltages
c. look up error codes
d. turn the printer off, then on again
e. remove the jammed paper

135. Select the best choice for cleaning laser toner from clothing:

a. warm soapy water
b. alcohol
c. dry clean
*d. clean cloth with cool water
e. pure dishwashing detergent

136. During the fusing process, toner is:

a. dry pressed into the paper
b. electrically bonded to the paper
*c. melted into the paper
d. glued to the paper
e. high pressure sprayed onto the paper

137. On the PC side, the printer port is a:

a. 25 pin female serial connector
b. 15 pin female parallel connector
c. 25 pin male serial connector
d. 15 pin female serial connector
*e. 25 pin female parallel connector

138. ISA is a ___ bit technology.

*a. 8/16
b. 16/32
c. 4/8
d. 12/24
e. 32/64







139. A device which supports DMA is able to i/o with memory by and large bypassing the CPU. Bus mastering takes this a step further by allowing a bus-master device to take charge of the data bus and send data to other devices, including memory, and also allows two bus master devices to talk to each other without requiring the services of the CPU. Does ISA support bus mastering?

a. no
b. yes
*c. yes, but only one device
d. yes, but only in a Pentium
e. yes, in a DX, but not an SX

140. EISA and MCA devices do not have jumper settings. How are they configured? Select all that apply.

a. CMOS setup
b. Windows setup
c. through DOS
d. dip switches
*e. EISA configuration utility or IBM reference diskette (MCA)

141. You can have EISA and MCA devices in the same PC.

a. true
*b. false

142. PCI devices do not have jumper settings or dip switches. How are they configured? Select all that apply.

*a. CMOS setup
*b. an installation utility from the manufacturer
c. through DOS
d. Windows setup
e. they are always self-configuring

143. You can place an ISA device in an EISA slot.

*a. true
b. false

144. You can place an EISA device in an ISA slot.

a. true
*b. false

145. You can only place an MCA device in an MCA slot.

*a. true
b. false

146. Select each bus architecture that supports 32 bit data transfers.

a. ISA
*b. EISA
*c. MCA
*d. PCI
e. PCMCIA

147. Select each bus architecture that supports bus mastering.

*a. EISA
*b. PCI
c. VLB
*d. MCA
e. PCMCIA

148. A switching power supply steps down voltage by means of:

a. transformers
b. a network of resistor conduits
*c. turning off and back on in rapid cycles
d. a network of capacitors
e. there is no such thing

149. Pick the correct choice for the 8088 CPU.

*a. 16 bit word size, 8 bit data path
b. 8 bit word size, 8 bit data path
c. 16 bit word size, 16 bit data path
d. 4 bit word size, 8 bit data path
e. 8 bit word size, 16 bit data path

150. Pick the correct choice for the 80386SX CPU.

a. 16 bit word size, 16 bit data path
*b. 32 bit word size, 16 bit data path
c. 8 bit word size, 32 bit data path
d. 32 bit word size, 8 bit data path
e. 32 bit word size, 32 bit data path


151. Pick the correct choice for the 80486DX CPU.

a. 32 bit word size, 16 bit data path
b. 64 bit word size, 32 bit data path
*c. 32 bit word size, 32 bit data path
d. 32 bit word size, 16 bit data path
e. 32 bit word size, 64 bit data path

152. What is the first CPU to include an internal math coprocessor?

a. 386DX
b. 486SX
*c. 486DX
d. Pentium
e. Pentium Pro

153. You plug a power supply's connectors onto the system board. You know you did it correctly because:

a. the two sets of black wires are facing the outside edge of the system board
*b. the two sets of black wires are together in the middle
c. one set of black wires is outside, one is toward the inside
d. all are facing the power supply
e. it doesn't matter as long as they can be plugged in